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The Rise of Islam Terms and Names Allah - One god of Islam Muhammad - Arab prophet who founded Islam Islam - Religion based on the belief in Allah Muslim - Follower of the religion of Islam Hijrah - Muhammad's move from Mecca to Yathrib 9Medina) in 622 mosque - Islamic house of worship hajj - Pilgrimage to Mecca Qur'an - Holy book of slam Sunna - Islamic model for living based on the life and teachings of Muhammad shari'a - Body of islamic law 1. When and how did trade become important? Eventually people began to establish towns and cities and abandon their nomadic life. They also began to trade goods. By the early 600's, trade became an important activity in the Arabian Peninsula. Merchants form the north bought goods to Arabia. They traded for spices and other goods. They also brought new ideas. 2. What was the Hijrah? At first many people in Mecca opposed Muhammad's views. They feared Meccans would neglect traditional Arab gods. Muhammad and his followers were forced to leave mecca for Yathrib (later called Medina) in 622. This became known as the Hihrah. The Hijrah was a turning point for Muhammad. 3. What do Muslims believe and practice? Muslims have five duties to perform. These duties include faith, prayer, alms, fasting, and pilgrimage to Mecca. the duties show a person's acceptance of the will of Allah: * A Muslim must state the belief that, "There is no God but Allah , and Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah." * A Muslim must pray to Allah, facing mecca, five times every day. This may be done at a mosque, an Islamic house of worship. *A Muslim must give alms, or money for the poor, through a tax. * A Muslim must fast during the holy month of Ramadan. Muslims eat only one meal a day, after sunset, every day during this month. * A Musilm should perform hajj - a trip to the holy city of Mecca - at least once in his or her life. The Origins of Judaism Terms and Names: Palestine - Region on the eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea. Canaan - Ancient home of the Hebrews. Torah - First five books of the Hebrew Bible Abraham - "Father" the first of the Hebrew Bible monotheism - Belief in a single God covenant - mutual promise between God and the Hebrews Moses - According to the Torah, the man that led the Jews out of Slavery Israel - Region on the eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea Judah - Hebrew kingdom in Palestine tribute - Payment made by a weaker power to a stronger power 1. What role did Abraham play in early Hebrew history? The story of the hebrews began in Mesopotamia. there, according to the Torah, God chose a man named Abraham to be the "father" of the first hebrews. God told Abraham to move his family to Palestine. Abraham promised that he and his people would always obey God. The hebrews were among the world's earliest peoples to believe in one god, or monotheism. God, in turn, promised to always protect them from their enemies. This was the first of many covenants - promises between God and the Hebrews 2. What were the ten Commandments? When the crops failed, the hebrews moved to Egypt aound 1650 B.C. over time, they were forced to become slaves. After many years, they fled. the Hebrews called this departure "the exodus." According to the Torah, a man named Moses led them out of Eygpt between 1300 and 1200 B.C. They wandered 40 years in a wilderness. During that time, the Torah says, DGod gave Moses the Ten Commandments. These were the laws that the Hebrews were to follow. For the second time, God promised to protect them in return for their obedience to his laws. 3. How was Israel split? From about 1020 to 922 B.C., the Jews were united into one kingdom, Israel. Three kings helped unite them. The first , Saul, drove off their enemies. The second, David, made Jerusalem the capital. The third, Solomon, built a magnificent temple to be used to worship God. After Solomon's death, though, the Kingdom split into two parts. Israel was in the north, and Judah was in the South. For the next two centuries, each of the kingdoms had times of prosperity, followed by low periods. 4. What was the Babylonian Captivity? When both Jewish kingdoms lost their independence they had to pay tribute to Assyria. Tribute is money paid by a weaker power to a stronger power to make sure it does not attack. Eventually , the northern kingdom fell to the Assyrians. Later, the southern kingdom fell to the Babylonians. Many Jews were forced into exile in Babylon. They lived there for many years during what was known as the Babylonian Captivity. Then the Babylonians themselves were conquered by the Persian King Cyrus the Great. the new ruler let 40,000 Jews return home. The Rise of Christianity Terms and Names Jesus - leader who came to be known as Christ and was believed to be a Savior apostle - Close follower Peter - First apostle who helped spread Christianity through Syria and Palestine Paul - Apostle who played a key role in the spread of Christianity throughout the Roman Empire Diaspora - moving away the dews from their homeland in Palestine bishop - Head of all churches in one area pope - Head of the Christian Church Constantine - Roman emperor who ended the persecution of the Christians 1. Why was Jesus put to death? Jesus was born in judea. At about age 30, jesus began to preach. His message included many ideas form the Jewish traditions, such as the principles of the Ten Commandments, and the belief in one God. According to close followers , who were later called apostles, Jesus performed many miracles. His fame grew. Some believed him to be the long awaited messiah. Jewish leaders did not believe that his teachings were those of God. Roman leaders feared he would incite people. The Romans arrested Jesus and put him to death. After his death his followers said that he appeared to them again and then went to heaven. They said this proved he was the messiah. They called him Christ. This is the Greek word for Savior. His followers came to be known as Christians. Led by peter, the first apostle, they spread is teachings throughout Palestine and Syria. 2. What did the Romans do to the Jews? Jews tried to break free from the Romans. These movements did not succeed. Most Jews were driven from their homeland into exile. This scattering of dews ins called Diaspora. 3. How was the church organized.? As the church grew, it became more organized. Priests were in charge of small churches. Bishops were in charge of all churches in one area. The pope was in charge of all. the pope was the head of the Christian church. |
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World History Patterns of Interaction, McDougal Littell
American Government, William A. McClenaghan
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